Jacob+Syndrome

=Jacob Syndrome:=

The first male discovered with a 47, XYY karotype was by an internist (a physician that specializes in adult diagnostics) and cytogeneticist, Avery Sandberg along with her colleagues, in the Roswell Park Memorial Institute, in Buffalo, New York, in 1961. Though, the initial research reports of this chromosomal imbalance were published in 1965 and 1966 in //Nature// and //The Lancet//, written by Patricia Jacobs and her colleagues in MRC Human Genetics Unit at Western Genetics Hospital in Edinburgh, with a survey of 315 males.

People are suppose to have 46 chromosomes in each cell, two of those 46 chromosomes are X and Y, these are known as sex chromosomes. Females usually have two X chromosomes (46, XX) and males usually have one X and one Y chromosome (46, XY). Though, there is a chance of 1 out of 1000 that a male will have a chromosomal abnormality called Jacob Syndrome. Jacob Syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder, which only affects males. The cause of Jacob Syndrome is that there is an extra copy of the Y chromosome in every cell of a male. Though, scientists still don’t know how and extra Y copy is made. If you were to make a karyotype of a male with Jacob Syndrome, you would see he has 47 chromosomes, one more than the usual, 46.

A person with Jacob Syndrome will have the following symptoms: learning deficiency, low IQ, and possibly acne (many scientist debate about acne being a symptom). As well, there have been cases were males develop autistic disorders due to lack of communication and social interaction. Moreover, a male with Jacob Syndrome will also be aggressive, proven by the director of MRC Human Genetics Unit Michael Bobrow. It has also been noticed that along with the aggressive personality they may develop criminal tendencies, such as robbery, murder, and assault, this was speculated in a research led in prison and hospital for the criminally insane. Also, he will also result being taller than predicted (estimation of 7 cm taller) along with being thin. In the other hand, males with Jacob Syndrome have some benefits in a way. One of these benefits is that they cannot develop any other disease; the reason for this is still unknown. As well, the reproductive system of males with Jacob Syndrome is not affected, this is a benefit because many other chromosomal diseases may affect your reproductive system, and making you sterile or making your offspring have physical abnormalities.

Now a day, in the social environment, some countries, will accept Jacob Syndrome as a crime done because the guilty had no control of his actions, in other words no control of his aggression. Though, in other countries people with Jacob Syndrome will go to jail for a murder or any violent crime. One example of this is in France in 1968, when French geneticist and doctors were attempting to free a self-confessed murder in the grounds that he had a chromosomal abnormality, the jury pleaded guilty. Geneticists say that 1 out of 300 men with this chromosomal imbalance will be convicted of violent crimes. In such countries as the USA Jacob Syndrome is considered a reason not to send a man to jail though most likely to an Institute, because he has no ordinary function of his body, relating to his aggression.

Ethics is extremely related to people with Jacob Syndrome. While people with Jacob Syndrome are still a fetus, and the mother is informed of this chromosomal irregularity, they most likely are misinformed. In 2001 there wasn’t a technical term to tell a woman that she is bearing a fetus that will have a chromosomal disorder. In many cases woman chose abortion, because they weren’t appropriately informed, and they aren’t contacted with a genetics expert. There was a case of a woman, which was told that her child was going to be mentally retarded because he had Jacob Syndrome. Although, any doctor would know that this syndrome does not make a child mentally retarded rather it makes him have a slightly lower IQ, along with learning deficiency. She decided to have an abortion. Lenore Abramsky was the first person to make notice of the lack of information that is given to the woman with a unborn child with Jacob Syndrome and any other chromosomal disorder.

Bibliography:

Brody, Jane E. "A CHROMOSOME LINK TO CRIME IS DOUBTED; Study in Denmark Finds No Data to Back View That 'XYY' Men Are Inclined to Be Violent." //A CHROMOSOME LINK TO CRIME IS DOUBTED//. New York Times, 12 Sept. 1976. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. .

Brody, Jane E. "HARVARD BACKS GENETIC STUDY; Research Involving Young With XYY Chromosome Had Been Criticized Genetic Aberration An Extra Chromosome 'A Sensible Request'" //HARVARD BACKS GENETIC STUDY//. New York Times, 14 Dec. 1974. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. .

Brody, Jane E. "Scientists' Group Terms Boston Study of Children With Extra Sex Chromosome Unethical and Harmful; Wider Fears Cited." //Scientists' Group Terms Boston Study of Children With Extra Sex Chromosome Unethical and Harmful//. New York Times, 15 Nov. 1974. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. .

Brody, Jane E. "Scientists' Group Terms Boston Study of Children With Extra Sex Chromosome Unethical and Harmful; Wider Fears Cited." //Scientists' Group Terms Boston Study of Children With Extra Sex Chromosome Unethical and Harmful//. New York Times, 15 Nov. 1974. Web. 13 Mar. 2012. .

Brody, Jane E. "Scientists' Group Terms Boston Study of Children With Extra Sex Chromosome Unethical and Harmful; Wider Fears Cited." //Scientists' Group Terms Boston Study of Children With Extra Sex Chromosome Unethical and Harmful//. New York Times, 15 Nov. 1974. Web. 13 Mar. 2012. .

Evans Asbury, Edith. "' Chromosome Slaying Trial' Begins in Queens; Defendant Admits Strangling Woman, but Pleads a Cell Imbalance 'Warped' Him." //' Chromosome Slaying Trial' Begins in Queens//. New York Times, 16 Apr. 1969. Web. 13 Mar. 2012. .

"French Murder Jury Rejects Chromosome Defect as Defense." //- Article//. New York Times, 15 Oct. 1968. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. .

"A KIND WORD SAID FOR THE XYY MEN; Psychiatrist Cites Evidence Many Are Good Citizens." //A KIND WORD SAID FOR THE XYY MEN//. New York Times, 06 May 1969. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. .

Loyons, Richard D. "Genetic Abnormality Is Linked to Crime; Genetics Linked to Violent Crimes." //Genetic Abnormality Is Linked to Crime//. New York Times, 21 Apr. 1968. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. .

"Murder Suspect Pleads Imbalance Of Chromosomes." //- Article//. New York Times, 18 Oct. 1968. Web. 13 Mar. 2012. .

"Parents 'misled over Gene Disorders'" //BBC News//. BBC, 23 Feb. 2001. Web. 11 Mar. 2012. . Stock, Robert E. "A KIND WORD SAID FOR THE XYY MEN; Psychiatrist Cites Evidence Many Are Good Citizens." //A KIND WORD SAID FOR THE XYY MEN//. New York Times, 06 May 1969. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. .

Stock, Robert W. "The XYY And The Criminal; The XYY and the Criminal." //The XYY And The Criminal//. New York Times, 20 Oct. 1968. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. .

"XYY Syndrome." //Wikipedia//. Wikimedia Foundation, 03 Nov. 2012. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. .